Theophanies are special manifestations of God that are accompanied by acute awareness of His presence.
Type of Theophany* | Reference | Notes |
God appears to Adam and Eve in the garden of Eden | Gen 3:8–13 | — |
God appears to Cain | Gen 4:1–16 (e.g. Gen 4:16) | — |
God appears to Abram | Gen 12:6–7; 17:1–21 | — |
God comes to Abram | Gen 15:1–21 | Vision fused with actions |
Appearance to Hagar by a spring | Gen 16:7–14 | Angel of Yahweh |
Abraham’s three visitors | Gen 18:1–33 (18:10, 22, 33) | — |
Binding of Isaac | Gen 22 | Angel of Yahweh (Gen 22:11, 15) |
Isaac at Gerar | Gen 26:2–5, 24–25 | — |
Jacob’s dream of angels at Bethel | Gen 28:10–22 | Dream |
Jacob wrestles with God | Gen 32:22–32 | — |
God renames Jacob | Gen 35:1–15 | — |
God tells Jacob to move to Egypt | Gen 46:2–7 | Vision |
The Burning Bush | Exod 3:1–4:17 | Angel of Yahweh (Exod 3:2) |
God tells Moses to return to Egypt; “bridegroom of blood” | Exod 4:19–26 | — |
God’s glory passes by Moses (cleft of the rock) | Exod 33:17–23 | — |
Commissioning of Joshua | Deut 31:14–15 | — |
Call of Gideon | Judg 6:11–24 | Angel of Yahweh (Judg 6:12) |
Solomon’s prayer for wisdom | 1 Kgs 3:3–15; 2 Chr 1:7–13 | Dream |
God speaks to Elijah (still small voice) | 1 Kgs 19:9–18 | — |
God speaks to Job | Job 38:1; 40:6; 42:7–9 | — |
Call of Isaiah | Isa 6:1–13 | Vision |
Call of Jeremiah | Jer 1:4–10 (see Jer 1:9) | Word of Yahweh (Jer 1:4) |
God appears to Ezekiel | Ezek 1:4–28 | — |
Ezekiel’s vision of God leaving the temple | Ezek 10:1–22 | Vision (see Ezek 8:1–4) |
Nebuchadnezzar’s furnace | Dan 3:24–25 | “Angel” (Dan 3:28) |
Handwriting on the wall | Dan 5:1–31 | Hand sent from presence of God (Dan 5:24) |
The pillar of fire and cloud that led Israel in the wilderness | Exod 13:21–22; Num 9:15–23; 10:11–12, 34 | — |
The pillar of fire and cloud between Israel and Egypt | Exod 14:19–20, 24–25 | Angel of God (Exod 14:19) |
The glory of Yahweh appears in a cloud | Exod 16:10 | — |
Revelation at Mt. Sinai† | Exod 19:16–20; Deut 4:9–14 | — |
The glory of God appears in a cloud on Mt. Sinai | Exod 24:15–18 | — |
Cloud over tent of meeting with Moses (before tabernacle) | Exod 33:7–11 | — |
Cloud over tent of meeting; glory of God in tabernacle | Exod 40:34–38 | — |
The 70 elders | Num 11:24–25 | — |
Judgment on Miriam and Aaron | Num 12:5 | — |
Glory of God fills Solomon’s temple | 1 Kgs 8:1–11; 2 Chr 5:13–14; 7:1–3 | — |
†Prophetic dialogue (compare Exod 6–14) is not a theophany.
†The revelation at Sinai became the template for theophanic depictions of God at Mt. Zion/Jerusalem (e.g. Psalms 18:7–20, 29:1–11, 97:1–5, 144:5–6; Mic 1:2–4).